Minggu, 26 Oktober 2008

UNDERSTANDING ON CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGY, AGRONOMY TOWARD DEVELOPE PALM SUGAR PLANTATION HIGH YIELD

UNDERSTANDING ON CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOLOGY, AGRONOMY  TOWARD DEVELOPE PALM SUGAR PLANTATION  HIGH YIELD 

To start discussing what we need to note in building sugar palm plantation, the investigation would not systematic. I will only select some aspects of it separately in the discussions but could interrelated. Understandably, this is not a scientific thesis or essay. However, this article is a reflection of the thoughts or ideas from a roadside practitioners, not academics, especially a researcher. 

This emerged as perhaps the answer or response to several questions that arise from the observer sugar palm, which often strikes by email or telephone the author. That can be thought of us further, because the situation is different in the era of the early development of the sugar palm  is not yet established, there is still time premordia or even deferensiasial stage. 

Sugar palm trees is the annual period of its development, which is still not too clear. How long seeds should be prepared, then the seeds are planted until the beginning of production, how long the next harvest or production. During this there is no exact figures, is still very relative. Many of the experience of farmers and laborers' still vary widely. This is a barrier for the investors or the organizer of the feasibility study or a proposal to build a sugar palm plantations or programs for both large companies or government programs. 

This is likely due to the above research on sugar palm has not been systematically structured, what would be achieved or desired from the sugar palm this. In the past kemanfaatannya are not known to many, many prospects have disingkap. Finally, we still do not know why all this sugar palm to the study of materials, materials research in order to resolve the problems of this nation. 

After prospects were known, and we plan to develop, and then there are the questions that appear, from where we started? I then started from the question of sugar palm, which most often appears, is about the age of future development of the sugar palm. 

Age is ready for planting sugar palm seeds 

How age so that the sugar palm seeds planted ready? During this the 'Union' sugar palm from seeds to plant that grows naturally under the trees are old. Young and wild seeds and planted directly appointed to the land desired, or planted in the first polibag so alive and quite large, then planted. Criteria, the amount of seeds that are also ready to be planted varied. From some of the experience there and in consideration of agronomy, said the seedlings are ready if: the leaves have a minimum of 3-4 pieces of original, high seed reached at least about 40-60 cm, perakaran seeds have been enough. 

Circumstances such as these seedlings are expected to have a provision to grow and develop in new places, that means the roots are ready to adjust to the new conditions of soil, leaves sufficient to capture solar energy, or even already high enough as a guide or bookmarks are a new life in the land These new, so their existence is not disturbed by other activities. 

In the standard conditions for the growth and berkebangnya sugar palm seeds, seedlings preparation of this takes about 8-10 months of the period perkecambahannya. Perkecambahan are the seeds from the standard treatment takes about 2-4 weeks. The question is what and how the standard treatment of the seeds to germinate and seedlings ready for planting. Help, or SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) is not still raw, still vary depending on experience from each practitioner, that some may still be concealed. This may be the secret to the company because the cost of time spent on research and testing is high enough. 

Because it was above the initial step in the development of palm sugar to the various development goals must start from the aspects of search and superior seeds. Aspects of the desired benefits vary widely, from the consideration of whether the production niranya superior products or the other. Other advantages of speed could be the beginning of production, namely the nature or age genjah begin production of short, so laborers can enjoy faster results while reducing the cost of investment and operational maintenance of age if the start of production is too long. 

The type or age of productive varieties and palm sugar 

We want the actual age is the production of short or genjah productivity, but high and long. However, the desire is quite difficult to be fulfilled, because the pattern of life that sugar palm 'basipetal' it. Sugar palm will grow in a vegetative maximum, and to grow in the next generatf. The period of vegetative separately with the generative, meaning the new generative will be held after the vegetatifnya maximum. Unlike the other plants, which criss cross between the vegetative growth, and the generative, fegetatif back again and again generative, which criss cross and repeatedly. In the sugar palm trees is not the case, namely where there is no time after the generative and then repeated vegetatifnya growth, leaf buds begin to form new again, it does not happen again. 

So when the sugar palm tree to a female flower or tassel, meaning growth vegetati already completed or maximum. No more new leaf growth, development and production of stem no more, all in a vegetative is the final or maximum. The number of leaves will not grow again, even decreased or decreased according to age or reduced because the cut to facilitate the harvest, and the results from the sugar palm tree. 

Therefore, the nature of this, if it is sugar palm genjah then the production also will not be long because it's vegetatifnya. Production of sugar palm roomie can be calculated from the number of bunches of flowers that appear. The emergence of bunches of flowers is a generative process of growth. Bunches of flowers will appear from the armpit from the midrib leaves above. Each armpit midrib leaves no prospect of bunches of flowers will appear, but not all prospective candidates to grow this bunch, some will be 'dormant' because of certain conditions. This means that the number of bunches that will be produced sugar palm tree is proportional to the amount of leaf, which was formed and also comparable with the conditions of the sugar palm tree. 

The sugar palm tree genjah plants around the age of 4 years, with a height of about 3-4 meters have already started removing bunches of flowers. This means that the generative phase starting and ending time vegetatifnya. By the age of genjah or short, the number of leaves, which also formed a little more, the number of bunches that will also appear a little more, age or length of the production is also short. However, the amount of production from each tree each day can be the same as the tree that is not genjah. 

Age of plant could actually be calculated from the amount of leaves that appear divided by the number of 'frequency "leaf emergence in a certain period of time. Sugar palm leaf that grows from the sugar palm tree leaves appear around 4-6 per year, but this can vary depending on the genetic varieties of trees, the health condition of trees and soil and agroclimate. Medium frequency of occurrence vary depending on the leaves of the plant growth is affected by the condition of local agro-climatic and soil. 

Therefore many of the prospective laborers sugar palm is a very optimistic with palm sugar commodity in the future. Because of the conditions that now exist without the maintenance of adequate and only exploited only result is to help the laborers. Maintaining an adequate and terprogram certainly will be able to very significant higher productivity, this sugar palm trees. Garden planning, management and adequate maintenance will be adequate to lift the productivity is higher. 

The number of leaves and productivity roomie 

There are behaviors that sugar palm farmers, including counter-productive with productivity roomie, among others, as if there are no farmers to cut leaves the burden with kemudahannya reasons for the need to tap or to facilitate pemanjatan not harmed. Even with the decreasing leaf means Picturesynthesis activity also decreased, the actual result will be reduced also the result of, among other asimilatnya form roomie. So to reduce or cut the leaves are still green and fresh, can result in reduced productivity roomie. This is to reduce the productive leaves should be avoided. 

From observations in the field is proven that the more the number of leaves in the sugar palm tree, the more that can also roomie disadap. The less productive on the leaves of the sugar palm tree, the fewer also gaining niranya. But the number of leaves that are very productive correlate with the results obtained sadapan roomie. Under this picture there are two, namely the number of trees with leaves that are still a lot of trees and a small amount of leaves. 

Still leaves a productive and healthy leaves that are well on fotosintetic capacity, so that they can take advantage of sunlight and plant life and oxygen to produce results asimilat Picturesynthesis. Leaf of a healthy and productive usually visible green fresh clean and shiny, not harmed by leaves or other vegetation, do not look dirty and dusty, do not look dull and dry and mildew. With the sugar palm leaves a clean, healthy, shiny, fresh green, the amount will be enough roomie can be expected to result satisfactory for the laborers. Therefore, taking into consideration the maintenance of health and the adequacy of this leaf will be the main focus in the management of maintenance garden palm sugar. 

What treatment should be given to the health condition of sugar palm leaves as expected? What is the pattern of cultivation conditions of memngkinkan will produce a satisfactory roomie? Hopefully in the description that will come I can explain more.

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