Sugar palm plants reproduce themselves only through seeds. Therefore, the need for the cultivation of seeds needed. The selected seeds for seedlings of good quality and must have been cooked perfectly. Seeds for seedling can come out from the sugar palm civet stomach, the seeds of old results directly from the tree picking, and the seeds from the old sugar palm tree that is cut.
There are several ways of collecting seeds and origin for the preparation of seedlings, among others, by the way:
Initially soaked in cold water for more than 5 minutes less. Then cleaned and dried about 2 days. Once dry, the seeds are in polibag that has been filled with fertile soil and loose (if need be mixed with a little organic fertilizer) with a depth of about 1 cm. Usually within 12-13 days began to germinate the seeds of palm sugar, which is marked by the emergence hipokotil. Then, after 30 days are, the seeds of the surface soil polibag. Percentage perkecambah sugar palm seeds in this way reach 80-85%.
b). Old sugar palm seeds, seedlings, which quoted directly from the tree
Firstly this is the seed in the piles of waste is still quite wet and decay, for not less than 15 days. The goal, other than to facilitate removing the skin of fruits but also to stimulate the process of physiology seedling of seeds. After the seeds washed with cold water and dried in the sun about 2 days.
Next, seed in the polibag such as seeding from seed to exit from the belly of the weasel. Nursery places should shaded, even some farmers usually cover the embankments, germinate after closing opened a new embankments. Sprout in the embankments remain shadding and is adequate to maintain humidity. Usually, after 34 days the seeds will germinate and begin around 2-3 weeks and then the seeds will appear OF polibag land. Seddling percentage of seeds this way about 45%.
c). Sugar palm seeds, seedlings, old trees that come from the Cutting
This is the modification of the model of sugar palm seeds, which quoted directly from the tree. The sequence begins with berry fruit, pemendaman, in the garbage, barking, cleaning, and drying. Before be, the seeds of sliced brisket (near future shoots) selebar approximately 5 mm. Furthermore, the seeds soaked in cold water about 24 hours to accelerate the process imbibisi. Once the seeds are in polibag and usually 16-17 days after the start germinate, and 2-3 weeks and will appear OF. The percentage of sugar palm seeds perkecambahan this way about 75%.
d). Sugar palm seedlings can also be done using the old sugar palm seeds derived from the fruit that fell. How can the system be done with seedlings from seeds of the fruit quoted directly from the tree that is cut.
The steps that need to be done in the collection and the selection of seeds is as follows:
- Collection of sugar palm fruit that meet the requirements.
- Derived from sugar palm trees that grow healthy, dense leaf.
- Sugar palm fruit is ripe (yellow and brown the meat soft fruit).
- Fruit large (at least 4 cm in diameter)
- Rind finely (do not penyaklit attacked).
- Remove the seeds of sugar palm fruit that has been collected by membelahnya.
Choosing sugar palm seeds that meet the requirements:
- Relative size of seeds
- Black-brownish kecoklat
- Smooth surface (no wrinkles)
- Seed in the state of health not be consumed.
That need to be in the collection of seeds that is sugar palm fruit contained Oxalic acid on the skin when we will feel very itchy. Therefore, by the need to have to do with prevention, among other ways:
- Wear gloves when we are taking the seeds from the fruit.
- Avoid the hand that we are not touching other parts of the body, while removing the seeds from the sugar palm fruit.
- Another way to prevent sugar palm sap is not affected when we are removing the bijinya fruit from the brood with the first fruits of palm sugar, which is to become parents.
Pemeraman can be done by infused sugar palm fruit in wooden boxes and covered with gunny always be. After ± 10 days, sugar palm fruit decay, which will facilitate the grain.
Discussions
Procurement of seed can be done in two ways, namely seeds from natural seed and nursery results from the seeds.
Procurement of natural seedlings / young wild.
The process of naturally assisted by animals, namely civet (Paradoxurus hermaproditus). The animals eat the fruit and sugar palm bijinya and bijinya out in full co-operation from the dirt. Seeds grow, spread and are not regularly gather. For to this place out, it can be done with a lap revoke (seeds taken together with the land).
Transplant seedlings can be planted directly in the field or through the process penyapihan infused with the baby in plastic bag (plastic bag) for 2-4 weeks.
Procurement through nursery seedlings
To get the seeds in large numbers with good quality, made through the procurement of seeds with a nursery. However, the seeds for mendapakan need to choose a good tree parent is eligible. The criteria of a good parent tree is as follows:
1. Trunk should midrib leaves with a big bow and lush
Until now, sugar palm trees that grow out categorized in 2 varieties, the Genjah sugar palm (tree rather small and short) with the production roomie between 10 - 15 liters / stem / day, and the sugar palm (the big trees and high) with the production roomie 20 - 30 liters / stem / day. For the parent tree is recommended variety.
Therefore, this must be considered in selecting and determining the parent tree as a source of tree seedlings, namely that the system is good flowering and flowering female and male flowering system in tapping sweety water of stalk. This is important because the plant is known as the sugar palm trees hapaksantik phase reproduktifnya limit the growth of stem with the power of life to 3 years.
2. Tree selected must have a high productivity
To know that the parent tree has been selected as the source of the seeds from flower stalk female with a roomie who have high productivity, between 20 - 30 liters /stalk / day, the need to be tapping male flower stalk roomie from the first or second. Because not all male flower stalk male the exit (9 - 11 stalks), and not all the trees roomie.
This is influenced by the process of plant physiology. When the male disadap MAYANG first or second production niranya so many trees are productive for the parent tree as a seed source. The tree was selected as the source of seed production with the roomie that many are not recommended for the process of tapping stem-hand to the next in succession. When the parent tree tapping carried out continuously (forced) it will produce fruit that seems intact but bijinya shrunken down so that even when planted produce sugar palm tree that is not good.
Collection of fruit and seed there are two ways :
1. Collection of fruit
Fruit used as a source of seed must mellow, healthy skin is marked with fruit khaki, not pests and diseases with a diameter of the fruit ± 4 cm. Fruit should be taken, which is located outside the rakila. Sugar palm fruit can be stored for 2 weeks in a plastic bag or cardboard to facilitate the separation of seed (seed) from the skin.
2. Taking the seeds from the fruit
Taking seed from the sugar palm fruit must use gloves because they contain sugar palm fruit Oxalic acid, which will cause itching when I bark. Alternatively, the brood with the fruits of the sugar palm collected until the skin has become rotten fruit so that the seeds have been separated from the flesh. In this way, the seeds can be easily retrieved and the condition is sugar palm fruit skin does not itch again.
Dorman fracture seeds to accelerate seddling initiation
Naturally, sugar palm seeds have enough time dormansi a long time, namely vary from 1-12 months, especially that caused by the hard skin and seeds so that hinder the impermeabel occurrence imbibisi water to the seeds. Efforts dormansi fracture has been done to overcome this impermeabilitas skin seed soaking through with HCl, H2SO4, hot water and skarifikasi.
Dorman of sugar palm seeds, also caused by the substance perkecambahan Enzyme inhibitor such as ABA, maturity embryo that has not been perfect and genetic factors, sugar palm trees.
Can be said that the cause of dormansi likely originated from the skin and seeds of the impermeabel Enzyme inhibitor perkecambahan in the skin and seeds, seed endosperm, because the fetus is planted directly in vitro can grow faster than the embryo, endosperm expression. This means that the endosperm effect hamper the growth of embryo itself.
Sugar palm seedlings need a long time, because the sugar palm seeds have dormansi nature. Although dormansi seed is nature to be able to survive so that the species remains sustainable, but the nature of the seed dormansi can disrupt the implementation of activities. Obstacles still faced in the provision of sugar palm seeds, among others, not the availability of technology that can cut dormansi seeds
Results of research shows that germinate very low power and variety (10 - 65%), and the time needed to start grow long enough that is about 4 - 6 months (Mashud, et al., 1989).
Dorman cause of the sugar palm seeds, among others, is a thick skin and seeds imbalance compound and the compound stimulus barrier in the event perkecambahan seeds. Besides the increase compound calcium Oxalic on sugar palm fruit that has been cooked is also suspected as a barrier seddling, on the other calcium Oxalic made by farmers because they can cause itching. Basically dorman sugar palm seeds can be cut with a variety of treatment before seddling, both physical, chemical and biological.
Known several ways to solve dormansi sugar palm seeds.
First Way :
Soak the seeds in the HCL solution with the thickness 95% within 15 - 25 minutes.
Their seeds in hot water with 50 º for 3 minutes.
Beads scrapped the skin in the area of growth sprout, and then soaked in water for 4 days, then stored at a temperature 28 ° -30 ° C to occur perkecambahan. Sprout and then planted in the humid fine sand to reach the third leaf growth
Media seeding can be made with the plastic bag the size 20 x 25 cm, which is filled with compost, sand and soil 3: 1: 1, and lubangi adequate at the bottom of drainage channels. Seeds that have been treated is put into plastic bags, such as deep as about ¾ of the seeds in the soil beneath the surface with the institution down with a slightly sloping position.
To reach the seed is ready for planting in the field (size = 40 cm), the time required hotbed 12 - 15 months.
Second Way :
Soak the seeds with KNO3 solution with the thickness 0.5% during the 36 hours (Salih, 2003)
Their seeds in hot water with 50 º for 3 minutes. To provide treatment to erase the physical back (near the fetus) or paper sandpaper with scarification.
Media seeding can be made with the plastic bag the size 20 x 25 cm, which is filled with compost, sand and soil 3: 1: 1, and lubangi adequate at the bottom of drainage channels. Seeds that have been treated is put into plastic bags, such as deep as about ¾ of the seeds in the soil beneath the surface with the institution down with a slightly sloping position.
Resources shoot around 40 - 50%, speed sprout around 40 - 55 days.
Seeds have been planted and sprinkling need to avoid shade from the sun directly. Sugar palm seedlings can be moved to the field (planted) after the age of 6-8 months since the leaves first formed.
3'rd Way
The seeds that are collected by dried dried for 1-2 days.
Then the seeds soaked for 24 hours
Beads are appointed and placed a plastic bag and tied hermetically sealed, this is done until the seeds sprout and appears broken. According to the experience of farmers this stage takes about 7 days.
Only seeds that germinate taken to dipindakan in polibag, are the seeds that have not yet returned to germinate in plastic bags. Plastic bags containing the seeds are stored in a closed place. Storage bag that contains the seeds of this in the media as rice bran. Because of the humid conditions in plastic bags at once warm in the pile of rice husk, can drive the fetus to grow. Experience is from the sugar palm farmers from South Sulawesi and has been practiced in the garden of palm sugar Nunukan in East Kalimantan.
4'th Way
When the sugar palm seeds have been around the age of 4 months or have a 3 cm, then the seeds polibag moved to the other media have been filled with the planting of more fertile (consisting of soil and organic fertilizer or manure with a 1:2 ratio). Polibagnya size should also be greater, for example, the width of 25 cm and 30 cm high.
Care for seedlings
Maintenance during the process of covering routine, weeding, pengemburan land, and fertilizing. Until the age of 2-3 years seeds of enough fertilizer twice. Given the form of fertilizer NPK or Urea, TSP, and ZK comparison with the same. For the first year of each seed were given 20 g enough next year and 40 g.
Maintenance polibag small seeds in the first phase is done by:
- Seeds that sprout in the plant in polibag size 15 x 20 cm with the media planting soil mixture: husk: compost (3: 1: 1) and comparison of materials or the other.
- Seeds polibag is organized with little dijarangkan with the distance between polibag around 20-30 cm.
- Sprinkling seeds 2 times a day, morning hours 08.00 - 09.00 and afternoon hours 15:00 - 16:00
- The nursery is the grass-gadfly grass that grows well in polibag and land a place in the nursery.
- Pest and disease eradication, if there are symptoms of the disease and pest attacks.
Provision of fertilizer in small seedlings can be done with 2 ways, namely in the soil around the seeds. - The type and amount of fertilizer given at the nursery is not too much, because the plants are still small.
First, run hotbed for between 4-5 months or appropriate development of the plant, so polibag have not felt comfortable again for the sugar palm seeds, because the development of roots, stems and leaves are quite large.
Maintenance polibag large seeds in the second phase is done by polibag size used in the second nursery with the same used for oil palm seedlings, namely the size or the size of 20 kg, 50x80 or 60x90 cm. Media planting the land is used is: bran: compost (4:2:2) . After polibag large media filled about 1 / 2 volume polibag, polibag seedlings prepared by the distance between polibag 80 - 100 cm.
Transplant seedlings from polibag first to polibag do not change the big lie polibag large position that contains the land. Seeds and medium taken by a small tear polibag with a knife without dismantle the structure of the media and perakarannya, then placed on polibag that contain the soil. Media land is added to cover the seeds so that the full polibag visible.
Sprinkling on the nursery seedlings polibag this large of the large-scale irrigation system using springkler. Watering is done at least once a day, depending on soil moisture or rainfall.
Fertilizing is done once a month every type of fertilizer with urea as SP 36 & 10 -20 grams / tree, or can also be done every 2 months with the type of urea fertilizer & SP 36 of 20 -40 grams / tree. Maintenance done until the seedlings are ready to be planted in the field, with seed around age 16-18 months after the seedling.
Planting
Seeds are planted and ready to have the characteristics as follows:
The development of root and stem the growth of leaves and proportional. Penetrate the root is out of polibag, stem and leaves enough solid wide open layout with a split leaf (not contract). The number of leaves enough (about 6 -10 sheets), the color of fresh green leaves with a shiny surface.
Excess sugar palm trees than other plantation crops such as palm oil is, sugar palm trees can be planted side by side with other crops or mixing it with the system. However, the planting of palm sugar can be done with the system or with a monoculture system agroforestry / tumpangsari.
With a monoculture system first made cleaning the field of vegetation that (land clearing) and the processing of land with piracy, or making a hole and the ground plants.
Making a hole the size of the plant with a 30 x 30 x 30 cm and the distance between holes (the distance planting) 5 x 5 m or 9 x 9 m. to accelerate the growth of plants given the hole in the ground which has mixed with manure, urea, TSP, about 3 - 5 days after planting hole is prepared, new planting is done. The new seeds planted, should be given shade or Reservoir.
Agroforestry systems / tumpangsari, this can be done to designate the land that is open between staple with the second plant cover crops such as land or crops planted leguminose
After the sugar palm seeds aged 2-3 years, the planting can be implemented. Plant hole should have made 2-3 months before planting with the size of 50x50x50 cm or larger. The distance between the 9x9 m holes ideally, but can also be larger or smaller depending on the condition of the land. Approximately one month before the planting, and that excavation of the hole and put the plant manure mixed with two cans of kerosene.
Planting should be done at the beginning of the rainy season to be a humid environment and sufficient water. For the important work of plant palm sugar is not much, except to clean the land around the plant and remove the midrib leaves dry. While waiting for the plants to flower, leaf and ijuk have read can enjoy the results of the sale.
Until now, there are no rules about how raw materials and fertilizer of the type and dose of fertilizer to plant sugar palm adult. It can even be said that do not exist. Meanwhile, pest and disease problems, also reported no kind of gadfly very dangerous plant palm sugar.
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