Sugar palm is cultivated for the prospect. However, how many trees must be planted? How to manage when the economic scale? This needs to be studied further. References are still very limited, because the assumptions used is piecemeal from the experience of some farmers and the situation in the field, which is very varied, from various regions in Indonesia.
Commodity business with what is usually measured from the expectations of market share that will dibidik. The type of product is also tailored to the needs that are required or that will be needed in the future. The fact that there is a real trend and the direction that will usually happen to be the criteria we set for the type and scale of business that will be built.
Recent Business conditions Palm Sugar commodity
Sugar Palm Commodity, which are now generally still with small-scale and small. Sugar palm trees that are now generally not planted in a planned, because it does not sebarannya regularly, the location of the planting is generally not a strategic and far from the settlement, planting distance is not a regular meeting and mixed with various other types of trees, effort - maintenance intensive efforts are not made. However, sugar palm trees being exploited in such a way to retrieve a lot of benefits, ranging from roomie, and fro, ijuk, palm leaf rib, stem, etc..
During this plan between the garden and the management plan is not unanimous. Farmers and laborers to plant only without disetting how the plan will be produced later, primarily farmers, and what the results later. This attitude has not happened because a lot of knowledge about finances and sugar palm, which is known to result from the sizeable land empty. However, how that will be obtained if about to plant, they have not been many who understand.
In general Crops planted palm sugar to be used it nira. Utilization roomie aims, among others, to be consumed directly as a refreshing drink, to be processed into palm wine or rat stamp, or to be processed into sugar. Traditionally used as a roomie palm sugar and fresh sweet drinks trusted enough that some treat certain diseases. Some symptoms of diseases such as kidney disease or associated with the ureter (deuretic) is recommended to drink roomie sweet palm sugar and fresh every morning for treatment efforts.
So that the sugar palm roomie is not immediately changed to sour or bitter because the fermentation process or other enzymatic processes that change the taste and color, then there are some efforts that traditionally the usual tapper. The first way to prevent acid or a roomie is seared with a container vessel to enter the roomie with skin such as wood bark-haired, leather-haired fruit, bark ketapi, and others. There are also farmers who enter the pandan leaves with the hope that niranya so heavily pandanus more unique taste.
Stopping the process of enzymatic roomie palm sugar can also be done by heating up the temperature around 80 degrees Celsius for at least 30 minutes. At these temperatures enzymatic activity can be stopped, so that the sugar palm roomie will still feel the sweet and sour is not changed or become bitter. With this sweet roomie can survive longer and does not change, if re-processed into sugar for elsewhere transportation take that long, roomie is still good.
The processing of sugar into the quality of infrastructure that require adequate management and good hiegenis. Roomie derived from the tapper or from the sugar palm garden is still a bit dirty, the evidence on processed into sugar and sugar be with warm water, there are still remaining sediment. The remaining sludge is somewhat disrupt this is usually serpihan-serpihan sliced bunches or other dirt from the garden.
The tapper should do this screening before roomie processed into sugar. Filtering can also be done by the craftsman or factory, which will manage the roomie into sugar. Sanitary conditions are the first to the quality of sugar can be accepted and sold commercially. Do not any particles other than water roomie that took into the container or participate in the process further. So roomie should really clean.
Designing extensive gardens, factory capacity and destination market
Business roomie sugar palm processing water into sugar production should be supported by adequate roomie. But the scale sugar production should be supported by a number of productive trees and a number of farmers who are ready to make tapping every day. Rendemen or content of sugar contained in the roomie vary depending on climate conditions, but there is a range of average that can be used as a benchmark. To be it sugar content reach around 10-14%, meaning that if we manage 100 liters roomie will be used as a sugar palm sugar as much as 10-14 kg.
If management unit (factory) capacity of palm sugar is 1,000 kg per day, the sugar palm roomie needed some 1,000 kg / day: 10% kg / liter = 10.000 liters / day. Or with a high count is 1,000 kg / day: 14% kg / liter = 7,142 liters / day. This means that the sugar factory with a capacity of 1 ton / day will need the raw materials roomie sugar palm of between 7,142 liters up to 10,000 liters each day.
I now live just adjust, approximately how much capacity the factory will be built. If for example, 10 tons per day means that the needs of raw materials in form of roomie 71,420 liters to 100,000 liters with. Conversely, if capacity is smaller manufacturer, for example only 100 kg a day, meaning niranya needs every day between 714 liters up to 1000 liters.
Now we will calculate the amount of tree planting, we will plan anticipates that the factory will be built later. Therefore, we must measure the average production roomie sugar palm tree in every day. This is referred to as a roomie productivity per tree.
Productivity roomie average each tree varies according to type and where to grow sugar palm. According to the magazine Trubus January 2008, in North Sulawesi sugar palm tree each on average, can produce between 20-25 liters per day. In South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi and the results sadapan roomie sugar palm average every tree almost the same, namely between 15-25 liters per tree per day.
In the area of Banten and West Java, the results of the average production per tree between 7-30 liters. In Sumatra, the average production roomie also vary, but the figure is not far from the number in other areas. The actual need of more depth to a number of productivity in each region.
However, we need to remember that not every tree is roomie issued throughout the year. This means there is a period where the tree is not the roomie palm sugar. Long or short period of time, production and affect the rest of the tree every amount of productive trees from the area of cultivated garden. This is referred to as the productivity per tree plantation or the number of productive trees per day.
For example, such as Nunukan in East Kalimantan, Mr. Sarman has 18 sugar palm trees, 9 of them still young tree and nine others have already started production. At the time of their farmland to the authors found that 4 trees are disadap niranya, a when there are 5 more trees was tapped. Means that it can be said the number of productive trees per day between 4-5 trees from 9 trees that have grown. If the percentage is calculated means that 4.5 trees / day / area (average of 4 and 5): (shared) 9 trees / = 50% of the area per day. In this case it is needed more in-depth research in measuring the numbers, including any that may affect this figure.
According to some opinions, in each hectare of land can be planted between 140 to 250 trees. Or say, with the average of 200 trees per hectare. At about 6 years old and sugar palm trees are mature and start producing. If there are approximately 50% of the amount of productive trees and the average production per tree roomie 10 liters, meaning in each day will be 200 trees per hectare x 50% x 10 liters / tree = 1,000 liters / ha / day. Means that our whole garden of 1 hectare former roomie will be produced 1,000 liters of palm sugar each day.
I now can be linked with engine capacity of our sugar factories. If the capacity of the sugar factory 1 ton a day we will need approximately 7,142 liters to 10,000 liters each day roomie. We use only the number that is easy to 10,000 liters. So now what can be known for our extensive gardens can produce 10,000 liters roomie / day, the 10 hectare. Now the scale of the garden can be planned capacity of the factory and the market should be.
Here until there is an illustration of how the area cultivated with palm sugar, which is adjusted plan capacity sugar mill was built. Similarly, if roomie sugar palm, is directed to bioethanol, then we count the ways of calculation of the above.
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